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Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health

Your Cardiovascular System

 

 

The Heart

·         The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

·         About the size of your fist and located in the center of your chest

·         Pumps approximately ________________________ through the body

 

Structure of the Heart

·         Your heart has a left and right side separated by a thick wall

·         Each side has an atrium and ventricle

·         The _______________ receives blood entering the heart, and send it to ventricle

·         The _______________ pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body

·         There are ______________ that keep the blood from flowing back into the atria and the ventricles

·         The ______________ of the valves is what gives the heart its heartbeat

 

Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

·         The heart is a double pump; the right side pumps blood to the left; the left side pumps blood to the body

·         ______________________________is the pathway in which blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs

·        ______________________________________________________is the route that blood travels from the heart to most of the body and back to the heart

 

Regulation of Heartbeat

·         The rate at which the heart beats varies from person to person

·         The average heart rate is about 70 – 80 beats per minute

·         A group of cells in the right atrium is called the _______________________ because it regulates the heart beat

 

Blood Vessels

 

Kinds of Blood Vessels

  1. ______________________ – carry blood away from the heart
    • Pulmonary arteries – blood traveling from the right ventricle to the lungs
  2. ______________ – the largest artery in the body

·         Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta, then to the rest of the body

  1. __________________________– arteries that carry blood to the heart
  2. Arterioles – smaller forms of arteries in organs or tissues
  3. Capillaries – smaller blood vessels that branch off of arterioles
  4. Venules – small blood vessels that join together to form veins
  5. _____________________ – carry blood to the heart; cannot flow backward

 

Blood Pressure

·         Blood pressure is the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels

·         Measured in two readings: Systolic and Diastolic

·         The first, higher number, the _______________________is the force caused by the surge of blood caused by the ventricles contracting

·         The second, smaller number, ______________________is the force recorded when the ventricles are relaxed

 

Blood

·         The average adult has 4-6 quarts (roughly a gallon to a gallon and a half) of blood in their body

·         _________________________ – the liquid part of the blood, mostly water, has glucose and nutrients in it

·         _________________________– the cells that carry oxygen to from the lungs to all parts of the body

·         _________________________– protect the body against disease; less numerous than red blood cells

·        _______________________________________________– pieces of cells that start the process of blood clotting; combines with plasma to create a fiber across the cut